Beryllium

The highest potential for exposure can be for beryllium miners, beryllium alloy makers and fabricators, phosphorus manufacturers, ceramics workers, missile technicians, nuclear reactor workers, electric and electronic equipment workers, and jewelers. Occupational exposure may also lead to at-home exposure to beryllium on work garments.

Beryllium is a light metal with unusually high melting-point and strength-to-weight ratio. It is lightest of all solid, chemically stable substances. Pure beryllium metal and its alloys with copper and aluminum are used in aircraft industry and space vehicles, nuclear reactors and audio components. Its oxide, chloride, fluoride, hydroxide, sulfate and nitrate find their uses in other multiple applications.

When beryllium containing dust is inhaled, it may cause shortness of breath, unexplained coughing, fatigue, weight loss, fever and night sweats. Prolonged exposure may cause berylliosis or lung cancer. 

Latency period between exposure and beryllium related cancer varies from 15 to 25 years.

Perform proper exposure measurements continuously so it is known when actions should be taken. Investigate if workers report early symptoms. Workers need to be aware of the effects of exposure.

The exposure to beryllium and its compounds can be reduced through engineering controls. It is supplemented by respirators where all feasible controls are not sufficient to reduce exposures to or below the exposure limits. In addition, personal protective clothing and equipment (PPE) (e.g. gloves, shoe covers) is also required. The workers should also wash their face, hands, and forearms before eating, smoking, or applying cosmetics. Prolonged skin contact with beryllium particulate should be avoided at all times. Instead of compressed air, HEPA vacuums should be used to clean equipment and the floor around the work areas.